Custom DNA and RNA Oligos

This article summarizes several of the common mechanisms of antisense gene modulation and more importantly, considerations to take into account when designing an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Afte...
Keywords: Clinical, Degradations, Filtration, Gas chromatography, Gene expression, Melting, Methylations, Nucleic acid hybridization, Purification, Pyrogens, Transcription

Assay optimization and validation are essential, even when using assays that have been predesigned and commercially obtained. Optimization is required to ensure that the assay is as sensitive as is r...
Keywords: AGE, Amplification, Buffers, Detection methods, Digestions, Electrophoresis, Gas chromatography, Gel electrophoresis, Gene expression, Melting, Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid hybridization, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Polymerization reactions, Polymorphisms, Purification, RNA purification, Separation, Size-exclusion chromatography, Transcription

Sigma® is pleased to offer a tracking system for your custom oligo Blanket Purchase Orders. Our tracking system provides easy management of expenditures against your Blanket Purchase Order (P.O.). Si...

The ultimate goal of most antisense research is to develop therapeutic agents for diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and HIV/ AIDS. Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (commonly referred to as S-oligos...
Wu Yao and Carlos Martinez
Integrated Supply Chain Operations, Life Science
Keywords: Cancer, Chromatography, Degradations, Diabetes, Diseases, High performance liquid chromatography, Ion Exchange, Mass spectrometry, Phase transitions, Purification, Reversed-phase chromatography

While several genome editing tools have been developed in recent years, including zinc finger-based strategies and TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases), none have been as efficien...
Keywords: Amplification, Cell culture, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Gene expression, Genetic, Genetics, Immunohistochemistry, Immunology, Nutrition, Polymerase chain reaction, Recombination, Southern blot, Transcription, Transfection, Western blot

We offer over 200 modifications for both DNA and RNA oligonucleotides and probes. We can attach fluorescent dyes to oligos at the 5'-end, 3'-end and internal positions. Our product offering includes ...
Keywords: Degradations, High performance liquid chromatography, Methylations, Nucleic acid hybridization, PAGE, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Purification

Regardless of next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform, universal and index adapter sequences are required for the proper assembly of sample fragments. Adapters – especially index adapters since the...
Keywords: Amplification, Diagnostic, High performance liquid chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Purification, Sequencing

We offer custom DNA Primers, qPCR Probes, and Next-Gen Sequencing Oligos for Life Science Research Tools, Molecular Diagnostics, and Laboratory Developed Tests. We can also perform component or compl...
Keywords: Amplification, Diagnostic, Environmental, High performance liquid chromatography, Indicators, Mass spectrometry, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Purification, Sequencing, Spectroscopy

*Guarantees are for 20 mers or longer. Oligos shorter than 20 bases will have proportionally fewer ODs.  Microgram amounts are calculated based on a 30 μg/OD value.  If the μg/OD value is less than 3...
Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Melting, PAGE, Phase transitions, Phosphorylations, Purification, Spectroscopy

Phosphoramidite chemistry, developed in the 1980s and later enhanced with solid-phase supports and automation, is the method of choice for DNA oligonucleotide manufacturing. Opposite of biosynthesis,...
Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis, Coupling reactions, Eliminations, Oxidations, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerization reactions, Purification

After a traditional PCR has been completed, the data are analyzed by resolution through an agarose gel or, more recently, through a capillary electrophoresis system. For some applications, a qPCR wil...
Keywords: Amplification, Cancer, Capillary electrophoresis, Cell culture, Degradations, Detection methods, Electrophoresis, Gene expression, Growth factors, Indicators, Microarray Analysis, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Purification, RNA purification, Sample preparations, Transcription

Locked Nucleic Acid in oligonucleotides other than qPCR probes is available in all countries except for the United States.
Keywords: Buffers, Gas chromatography, Gene expression, Melting, Nucleic acid hybridization, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Substitutions

Our experience with gene construction and microarray development provides us with insight into the potential difficulties of long-oligo synthesis. The techniques we have developed to purify long olig...
Keywords: Mass spectrometry, Melting, Microarray Analysis, PAGE, Purification, Spectroscopy

The melting temperature (Tm) of an oligonucleotide is the temperature at which 50% of the oligonucleotide is duplexed with its perfect complement and 50% is free in solution. Awareness of the Tm is c...
Keywords: Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, In Situ hybridization, Melting, Molecular biology, Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid hybridization, Polymerase chain reaction, Sequencing, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy

When using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for detection of a target nucleic acid sequence, whether by qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR), dPCR (digital PCR), or derivative technology, numerous contro...
Keywords: Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative

For more complex and demanding applications, utilize our consultative service to ensure the success of your assay. With personal consultation from our expert, technical support scientists, your reque...
Keywords: Gene expression, In Situ hybridization, Melting, Methylations, Nucleic acid hybridization, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative

For routine needs, improve your assay with our OligoArchitect Online design tool powered by the industry standard Beacon Designer™ (PREMIER Biosoft). The user-friendly interface utilizes the latest a...
Keywords: Gene expression, Nucleic acid hybridization, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative

We are pleased to offer OligoEvaluator, our online oligonucleotide sequence calculator that provides oligo analysis values.
Keywords: Melting

Our customer service representatives and technical service scientists are more than happy to answer any questions that you may have regarding oligonucleotides. However, you may find the answer you ne...
Keywords: Centrifugation, Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis, High performance liquid chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Melting, Nucleic acid annealing, PAGE, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Purification, Reductions, Reversed-phase chromatography, Sequencing, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy

DNA Oligonucleotides are relatively stable molecules (Table 1). However, they require certain handling and storage techniques to ensure trouble-free experiments and maximize shelf life, respectively.
Keywords: Buffers, Degradations, Phase transitions, Polymerase chain reaction, Reductions

‘Black Hole Quencher,’ ‘BHQ-0,’ ‘BHQ-1,’ BHQ-2,’ and ‘BHQ-3’ are registered trademarks of Biosearch Technologies, Inc., Novato, California, U.S.A. (‘BTI’) Patents are currently pending for the BHQ te...
Keywords: Clinical, Diagnostic, Polymerase chain reaction, Veterinary

During DNA manufacturing, each nucleotide is coupled sequentially to the growing chain via phosphoramidite chemistry. In each coupling cycle, a low percentage of the oligonucleotide chains do not ext...
Keywords: Chromatography, Cloning, Electrophoresis, Filtration, Gas chromatography, Gel electrophoresis, High performance liquid chromatography, Microarray Analysis, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, PAGE, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Purification, Reversed-phase chromatography, Separation, Sequencing, Solvents

Key components of our QMS (quality management system) include: certificates of analysis; document control; change notification; vendor management; business agreements; and, corrective and preventive ...
Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, Melting

Our ability to guarantee performance is directly related to our comprehensive understanding of oligonucleotide chemistry and synthesis platforms, our analytical systems and our experience in methods ...
Keywords: Chromatography, Diagnostic, Electrophoresis, Environmental, Extinction coefficient, Gel electrophoresis, High performance liquid chromatography, Karl Fischer titrations, Mass spectrometry, PAGE, Phase transitions, Reversed-phase chromatography, Solvents, Spectroscopy, Titrations

Our different manufacturing sites may use PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) to analyze duplexes depending on the nature of the sequences. PAGE separates duplexes on the basis of molecular wei...
Keywords: Electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis, PAGE, Separation, Transfection

The concentration of nucleic acids in solution is readily quantified in a spectrophotometer when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light at 260 nm (Figure 1). This technique works because the bases have co...
Keywords: Extinction coefficient

Several phosphate backbone variants have been developed in an attempt to alter the chemical properties of native-state DNA and therefore overcome the two major challenges involved with using oligonuc...
Keywords: Chromatography, Degradations, Gene expression, High performance liquid chromatography, Melting, Nucleic acid hybridization, Purification, Sequencing

Guo Y, Ye JY, Divin C, Huang B, Thomas TP, Baker JR, Jr., & Norris TB (2010). Real-time biomolecular binding detection using a sensitive photonic crystal biosensor. Anal Chem, 82, 5211-5218. Biotin-l...
Keywords: Arylations, Cell proliferation, Cross couplings, DNA replication, Diagnostic, Gene expression, Mass spectrometry, Microarray Analysis, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Sequencing, Vitamins

This protocol is for conjugating NHS-ester modifications, such as TxRd (Sulforhodamine 101-X) (protocol is effective for most NHS-ester modifications), to an oligonucleotide with an amino label, such...
Keywords: Bacterial conjugations, Buffers, Evaporation, High performance liquid chromatography, Precipitation, Purification

Order Pure and Simple Primers, and you will be assured a quality start to all of your research applications with our ultra-high base coupling efficiency and optimized cartridge purification process.
Keywords: Mass spectrometry, Melting, Purification

We can format your oligos to best suit your application as well as your automation and information requirements.
Keywords: Buffers, High performance liquid chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Melting, PAGE, Phase transitions, Purification, Spectroscopy

Designed for use with the CEQ/GeXP Genetic Analysis Systems, we are pleased to offer WellRED dye-labeled oligos under our license from Beckman Coulter, Inc. In addtion to their designed application, ...
Keywords: Amplification, Extinction coefficient, Genetic, High performance liquid chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Melting, Nucleic acid denaturation, Nucleic acid hybridization, Phase transitions, Polymerase chain reaction, Purification, Spectroscopy

iScale Oligos DNA and siRNA are milligram and gram quantities of custom DNA and siRNA oligonucleotides for in vivo, high-throughput, and commercial projects (life science research tools, molecular di...
Keywords: Filtration, High performance liquid chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Purification, Reversed-phase chromatography

Els Pardon a, b , Toon Laeremans a, b , Sarah Triest a, b , Søren G F Rasmussen c , Alexandre Wohlkönig a, b , Armin Ruf d , Serge Muyldermans b, e , Wim G J Hol f , Brian K Kobilka g , Jan Steyaert ...
Keywords: AGE, Adsorption, Amplification, Antibiotics, Biochemistry, Biotinylations, Buffers, Cancer, Centrifugation, Chromatography, Cloning, Coagulation, Crystallization, DNA purification, Deaminations, Degradations, Detergents, Digestions, Diseases, Drug discovery, Electrophoresis, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Flow cytometry, Gel electrophoresis, Gene expression, Genetic, Genomics, Hematology, High performance liquid chromatography, Immobilization, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, Neuroscience, Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid hybridization, Peptide synthesis, Phase transitions, Polymerase chain reaction, Purification, Sample preparations, Separation, Sequencing, Size-exclusion chromatography, Sterilizations, Transfection, Western blot, transformation

Neville E Sanjana a, b , Le Cong a, b, c , Yang Zhou a, b , Margaret M Cunniff a, b , Guoping Feng a, b , Feng Zhang a, b
Keywords: Peptide synthesis, Polymerase chain reaction, Transcription

Two different methods of presenting quantitative gene expression exist: absolute and relative quantification. Absolute quantification calculates the copy number of the gene usually by relating the PC...
Keywords: Amplification, Anti-inflammatory agents, Apoptosis, Cancer, Clinical, Dehydration reaction, Diagnostic, Gene expression, Hormones, Methylations, Microarray Analysis, Molecular biology, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Reductions, Transcription, Transduction, Transfection, cDNA microarrays, transformation

During PCR assay preparation, nonspecific amplification can occur due to binding of PCR primers to nonspecific templates and from formation of primer dimers which result from using other primer molec...
Keywords: AGE, Amplification, Buffers, Electrophoresis, Enzyme activity, Gel electrophoresis, Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Size-exclusion chromatography

Genome editing via homologous recombination (HR) (gene targeting) in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has the power to reveal gene–function relationships and potentially transform curative hemat...
Keywords: Cell culture, Cell disruption, Centrifugation, Clinical, Cloning, Culture media, Degradations, Deposition, Diseases, Flow cytometry, Gene expression, Genetic, Growth factors, Molecular biology, Nucleic acid annealing, Peptide synthesis, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Polymorphisms, Purification, Recombination, Reductions, Sequencing, Sterilizations, Titrations, Transcription, Transduction, Transfection, Tropism

a Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University
Keywords: Cancer, Clinical, Oncology, Pharmaceutical, Sequencing

F Ann Ran a, b, c, d, e , Patrick D Hsu a, b, c, d, e , Jason Wright a , Vineeta Agarwala a, f, g , David A Scott a, b, c, d , Feng Zhang a, b, c, d
Keywords: Amplification, Antibiotics, Antivirals, Apoptosis, Catalysis, Cell culture, Cell dissociation, Central Nervous System, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, Cloning, Digestions, Electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis, Gene expression, Genetic, Genetics, Growth factors, Melting, Nucleic acid annealing, PAGE, Peptide synthesis, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymorphisms, Purification, Rearrangements, Recombination, Sample preparations, Sequencing, Transcription, Transfection, transformation

KiCqStart SYBR Green qPCR ReadyMix is a 2X concentrated, ready-to-use reaction cocktail that contains all components, except primers and template, for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). This unique c...
Keywords: Amplification, Gene expression, Molecular probes, Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography, Titrations

In the PCR Technologies Guide, the requisite components and quality control requirements for qPCR experiments were described in detail. With those in mind, the following is a protocol that can be use...
Keywords: Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography

Optimization of qPCR conditions is important for the development of a robust assay. Indications of poor optimization are a lack of reproducibility between replicates as well as inefficient and insens...
Keywords: Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography

One approach to assay optimization is to determine the optimum annealing temperature (Ta) of the primers by testing identical reactions containing a fixed primer concentration, across a range of anne...
Keywords: Amplification, Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography

This protocol is for annealing two single-stranded oligonucleotides with complementary sequences (Figure 1). Heating followed by cooling facilitates hybridization.
Keywords: Buffers, Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid hybridization, Polymerase chain reaction

This protocol is for reducing the disulfide bond of thiol-modified oligonucleotides to the active sulfhydryl form (Figure 1). Sulfhydryl groups can be used for attaching oligonucleotides to solid sur...
Keywords: Buffers, Oxidations, Reductions

In some cases it is preferable to measure the target transcript directly, without preparing cDNA from the entire RNA sample. Such situations may include measurements on highly degraded RNA or when th...
Keywords: Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography, Transcription

In the example given below, the primer concentrations can be adjusted according to the results of optimization procedures (see Primer Concentration Optimization, Primer Optimization Using Temperature...
Keywords: Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography

Although quantitative PCR uses the same basic concept as traditional PCR, the reactions differ in that the amplicons are generally smaller and are detected indirectly using an additional dye or label...
Keywords: Gene expression, Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography

dPCR is a relatively new technology and each platform and application has specific requirements (see Digital PCR for further details). The protocols are specific for each system and are provided, wit...
Keywords: Digestions, Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography

In the PCR Technologies Guide, the requisite components and quality control requirements for qPCR experiments were described in detail. With those in mind, the following is a protocol that can be use...
Keywords: Nucleic acid annealing, Nucleic acid denaturation, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Size-exclusion chromatography

Sigma-Aldrich offers a wide variety of PCR reagents to meet any experimental needs. Our range of polymerases is customized to meet your End-Point PCR, qPCR, or RT-PCR needs. Our products vary from ro...
Keywords: Genomics, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative

We are using our stregnths to help build the field of Synthetic Biology. Below is a collection of links to our favorite resources. In addtion to these resources, we also offer thousands of products f...
Keywords: Cell culture, Cloning, Gene expression, Genetic, Genetics, Metabolic Pathways, Metabolites, Molecular biology, Molecular biology techniques, Photosynthesis, Poisons, Polymerase chain reaction - quantitative, Transcription, Transfection